György Ligeti’s “Lux Aeterna”: The Ethereal Land of Micropolyphony

Lux Aeterna for sixteen-part mixed choir, written in 1966 by the Hungarian-Austrian avant-garde composer György Ligeti (1923-2006), is simultaneously haunting, mysterious, unsettling, and serenely beautiful. Unfolding gradually in shimmering layers of sound, it forces us to confront our perceptions of time and space. Its dimensions are cosmic.

The term micropolyphony has been used to explain the clusters of sound which emerge and develop in Lux Aeterna and other music by Ligeti. It’s a word which might bring to mind the crystalline lines of the sacred choral music of a Renaissance composer like Palestrina. While just as highly ordered as its predecessors, here the lines blur. Polyphony moves underwater. We become one with sound and sound blurs with color.

Ligeti described micropolyphony as

The complex polyphony of the individual parts[,] embodied in a harmonic-musical flow in which the harmonies do not change suddenly, but merge into one another; one clearly discernible interval combination is gradually blurred, and from this cloudiness it is possible to discern a new interval combination taking shape.

Without asking Ligeti’s permission, Stanley Kubrick used Lux Aeterna in the landmark 1968 film, 2001: A Space Odyssey. Kubrick developed this distinctly “non-verbal” film around its music, and this piece, along with Ligeti’s Requiem and Atmosphèresare central to its enigmatic mood.

The text is part of the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass: “Lux aeterna luceat eis, Domine, cum sanctis tuis in aeternum, quia pius es. Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine; et lux perpetua luceat eis, (“May everlasting light shine upon them, O Lord, with thy saints in eternity, for thou art merciful. Grant them eternal rest, O Lord, and may everlasting light shine upon them.”)

Now, go to a quiet place, close your eyes, and just listen…

Recordings

  • Ligeti: Lux Aeterna, A Cappella Amsterdam, Daniel Reuss (This recording is featured, above) Amazon

Photograph: The Chapel of St. Ignatius in Seattle, designed by contemporary architect Steven Holl. Holl conceived of the building, completed in 1997, as “seven bottles of light in a stone box.”

About Timothy Judd

A native of Upstate New York, Timothy Judd has been a member of the Richmond Symphony violin section since 2001. He is a graduate of the Eastman School of Music where he earned the degrees Bachelor of Music and Master of Music, studying with world renowned Ukrainian-American violinist Oleh Krysa.

The son of public school music educators, Timothy Judd began violin lessons at the age of four through Eastman’s Community Education Division. He was a student of Anastasia Jempelis, one of the earliest champions of the Suzuki method in the United States.

A passionate teacher, Mr. Judd has maintained a private violin studio in the Richmond area since 2002 and has been active coaching chamber music and numerous youth orchestra sectionals.

In his free time, Timothy Judd enjoys working out with Richmond’s popular SEAL Team Physical Training program.

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