Wagner’s “Faust” Overture: A Tone Poem Inspired by Goethe

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As a teenager, Richard Wagner developed a fascination with Goethe’s Faust.  Allegedly, at the age of 16, Wagner hid a copy of the play among his school books. For the rest of his life, allusions to Faust, and direct quotations, recurred throughout his writings. The Faustian archetype, in which the protagonist, in a deal with the devil, exchanges his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures, inspired music by numerous composers including Liszt, …

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John Cage’s “In a Landscape”: An Homage to Satie

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4’33” remains the most famous work of the American composer and theorist, John Cage (1912-1992). The experimental piece, composed in 1952 for any combination of instruments, requires performers to sit onstage and not play their instruments. The ambient sounds of the room take over and form the freest kind of chance music. Our ears become attuned to an ever-present sonic counterpoint. Total silence is a fallacy. One of Cage’s greatest influences was …

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Stephan Koncz’ “A New Satiesfaction” (Gymnopédie No. 1): A Melancholic Musette After Satie

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With their sense of serene detachment, hypnotic repeating rhythms, and harmonic stasis, Erik Satie’s Trois Gymnopédies opened the door to a dreamy new world, previously unimagined. Composed in 1888, the brief, atmospheric solo piano works anticipated ambient and experimental music of the late 20th century. The composer and theorist, John Cage, declared Satie’s innovations to be “indispensable.” The iconic Gymnopédies have influenced numerous works, from Stephen Sondheim songs such as Barcelona, to Janet Jackson’s 2001 …

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Poulenc’s Sextet: An Homage to Wind Instruments

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The critic Claude Rostand famously observed, “In Poulenc there is something of the monk and something of the rascal.” We hear this in Francis Poulenc’s Sextet for Piano and Winds, composed between 1931 and 1932, and revised in 1939. Scored for piano, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and French horn, it is music filled with impish humor. At times, its comic voices, with their distinct personas, take on a satirical tone. As the …

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Beethoven’s Violin Concerto: Nathan Milstein, Sir Adrian Boult and the London Philharmonic

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Nathan Milstein (1903-1992) was one of the most elegant and innately gifted violinists of the twentieth century. The biographer Boris Schwarz called his playing, “a rare combination of classical taste and technical perfection,” adding that “the effortless nonchalance with which he achieves sophisticated technical feats is amazing.” Born in Odessa, Milstein studied with the renowned Pyotr Stolyarsky, who was also teaching the six-year-old David Oistrakh at the time. At the age of …

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Oscar Peterson at 100

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Today marks the centennial of the birth of Canadian jazz virtuoso pianist and composer Oscar Peterson (1925-2007). Herbie Hancock commented, Oscar Peterson redefined swing for modern jazz pianists for the latter half of the 20th century up until today. I consider him the major influence that formed my roots in jazz piano playing. He mastered (brilliantly) the balance between technique, hard blues grooving… and tenderness. C Jam Blues On this recording, Peterson …

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Nico Muhly’s “Gait”: Life in Motion

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The rhythmic pattern of animal and human movement formed the inspiration for Gait, a 2012 orchestral tone poem by American composer Nico Muhly (b. 1981). Muhly studied the five speeds, or gaits, of horses, documented by the 19th century photographer Eadweard Muybridge, and then moved on to the locomotion of insects and humans. People move in distinct ways which include “a running trot” and “a lateral sequence walk.” The first steps of …

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